Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant, which interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the human body.  The ECS is a complex cell-signaling system found throughout the human body and is involved in regulating a wide range of physiological processes. The ECS consists of endocannabinoids, receptors, and enzymes.  It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, or the body’s internal balance.

Endocannabinoids are naturally occurring compounds similar to cannabinoids found in cannabis but produced by the body. Enzymes break down the endocannabinoids and make them available to the endocannabinoid system.  Endocannabinoids bind to endocannabinoid receptors throughout the body (CB-1 located in the central nervous system and CB-2 in peripheral tissues) and play a role in things like mood regulation, appetite, memory, learning and other non-recreational functions.  

Phytocannabinoids, such as THC and CBD from the cannabis plant, can interact with the ECS by mimicking endocannabinoids and binding to CB-1 and CB-2 receptors. This interaction can produce various effects, from the psychoactive “high” associated with THC to the relaxing effects of CBD.  The interactions between cannabinoids and the ECS are complex and can vary depending on the specific cannabinoid, dosage, and the individual’s biology. This complexity is why cannabinoids can produce such a wide range of effects.